History of CCJS
CCJS was established in July 1931 as the 'Association for the Scientific Treatment of Criminals'. It was renamed the 'Institute for the Scientific Treatment of Delinquency' in July 1932, and the 'Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency' in 1951. It adopted its current name - the 'Centre for Crime and Justice Studies' - in 1999.
The aim of the early founders of what became CCJS was to promote the notion, backed by scientific research, that there was a better way of dealing with offenders than prison and to translate this notion into action. This aspiration was crystallised in the first Annual Report, published in 1932, as follows:
- To initiate and promote scientific research into the causes and prevention of crime.
- To establish observation centres and clinics for diagnosis and treatment of delinquency and crime
- To coordinate and consolidate existing scientific work in the prevention of delinquency and crime.
- To secure cooperation between all bodies engaged in similar work in all parts of the world, and ultimately to promote an international organisation.
- To assist and advise through the medium of scientific experts the judicial and magisterial bench, the hospitals and government departments in the investigation, diagnosis and treatment of suitable cases.
- To promote and assist in promoting educational and training facilities for students in the scientific study of delinquency and crime.
- To promote discussion and to educate the opinion of the general public on these subjects by publications and by other means.
In its early years ISTD was strongly oriented to psychoanalytical approaches to crime and criminality. Significant early figures included Dr Grace Pailthorpe, Dr Edward Glover, Professor Sigmund Freud, Professor Carl Jung and Doctor Otto Rank. The Portman Clinic, now part of the NHS, was set up by ISTD in 1933 to treat delinquent and criminal patients through psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
After the second world war ISTD was at the forefront of developments in the emerging discipline of Criminology in the UK. In 1953 it set up 'The Scientific Group for the Discussion of Delinquency Problems' as a forum for academic debate and analysis of crime and criminality. The Group became independent of ISTD in 1955 and in 1961 adopted its current name of 'The British Society of Criminology'.
In 1950, ISTD published the first issue of 'The British Journal of Delinquency'. In 1960 the Journal's name was changed to 'The British Journal of Criminology', reflecting, in Edward Glover's words, 'the long distance policy of the ISTD to effect the extension of research into various non-criminal fields of observation'. The journal is now one of the foremost English language peer review journals in its subject area and provides a valuable source of income for CCJS.
The Centre is today a registered charity and a company limited by guarantee based at the School of Law, King's College London. Its turnover in 2005 was a little over GBP 700,000.
The Centre's core activities are centred around criminology, criminal justice and allied areas of study, a focus reflected in its current charitable object:
To advance the education of the public, and in particular those involved in the administration of criminal justice and the treatment of offenders, in the causes and prevention of delinquency and crime and the principles and operation of the criminal justice process both in the United Kingdom and abroad.
It provides information, produces research and carries out policy analysis to encourage and facilitate an understanding of the complex nature of issues concerning crime. It is a membership organisation working with practitioners, policy makers, academics and students, the media and voluntary sector, offering a programme of events, publications and online resources. It works closely with criminal justice and related practitioners, academics, politicians and policy makers.